Luthfi Chanafiah Pasha
13618859
3SA04
1. Comparative
and Superlative
Comparatives
One
way to describe nouns (people, objects, animals, etc.) is by comparing them to
something else. When comparing two things, you’re likely to use adjectives like
smaller, bigger, taller, more interesting, and less expensive. Notice the ‑er
ending, and the words more and less.
Example:
o
I'm feeling happier now.
o
New York is much bigger than Boston.
o
Everything is getting more and more
expensive.
Superlatives
When
comparing more than two things, you’ll likely use words and phrases like
smallest, biggest, tallest, most interesting, and least interesting. Notice the
‑est ending and the words most and least.
Example:
o
Everest is the highest mountain in the
world.
o
That’s the best film I have seen this
year.
o
She is the friendliest person I know.
2.
Connected Speech
Connected
speech or connected discourse, in linguistics, is a continuous sequence of
sounds forming utterances or conversations in spoken language. Analysis of connected
speech shows sound changes affecting linguistic units traditionally described
as phrases, words, lexemes, morphemes, syllables, phonemes or phones. The words
that are modified by those rules will sound differently in connected speech
than in citation form (canonical form or isolation form).
Example:
o
I’m gonna go now. / I’m going to go now.
o
I wanna buy these cars. / I want to buy
these cars.
o
We will beat ‘em tonight. / we will beat
them tonight.
3.
Word Stress
Word stress is the emphasis we place in a specific
syllable of a word when pronouncing it. In English words that have more than
one syllable, we usually don’t pronounce every syllable with the same weight,
so each syllable in a word can be stressed or unstressed.
Stress is usually represented in the phonemic chart
and transcription by the symbol /ˈ/ placed before the stresses syllable. In
words that have secondary stress, we include the symbol /ˌ/ before the appropriate
syllable (e.g. everybody: /ˈev.riˌbɒd.i/).
Example:
o basketball /ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/
o uncomfortable/ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/
o anxiety/æŋˈzaɪəti/
4. Adverbs
of Frequency
An adverb of frequency describes how often an action
happens. There are six main adverbs of frequency that we use in English:
always, usually (or normally), often, sometimes, rarely, and never.
